2002 Ad Fontes Certamen
Level III - Final Round

1. The Romans had some gods not found in Greek mythology. Who was the Roman god of beginnings and endings? Janus.
Bonus 1: Who were the household gods that protected a Roman family's good fortune? Penates.
Bonus 2: Who were the gods how looked out for the pantry, or at it once was called in English, the larder? Lares.

2. In the sentence Audio magistrum pueris respondentem what is the case and construction of pueris? Dative of indirect object.
Bonus 1: In the sentence Pueri dormientes servos clamantes audiunt who is doing the shouting? The slaves.
Bonus 2: Listen carefully and translate: Canis animal volans non est; animalia volantia sunt aves. A dog is not a flying animal; flying animals are birds.

3. What office died out in Rome between the end of the 2nd Punic war and its revival by Sulla? Dictatorship.
Bonus 1: Only one person after Sulla held the office of dictator. Who was it? Caesar.
Bonus 2: This office also fell into abeyance after 70 A.D., during the period of the Civil Wars, due to its enormous power over the composition of the senate. Censorship.

4. Translate the verb in this sentence: "Let's remain at home". Maneamus.
Bonus 1: Translate "at home". Domi.
Bonus 1: Now make the sentence negative. Ne maneamus domi.

5. What unusual physical characteristic did Arges Brontes, and Steropes share? They had only one eye (they were Cyclops).
Bonus 1: What unusual physical characteristic did Briareus, Cottus, and Gyges share? They had 100 hands (Hecatoncheires or Centimani).
Bonus 2: What unusual physical characteristic did Teiresias endure? To be both man and woman.

6. Translate the following sentence into Latin: He thinks that the man is fighting. Putat (cogitat, censet, etc.) virum pugnare.
Bonus 1: Now this: "He thinks that the man was fighting". Putat (etc.) virum pugnavisse.
Bonus 2: Now: He thinks that the man will fight. Putat (etc. ) virum pugnaturm esse.

7. What emperor of Rome brought the Age of the 5 Good Emperors to an end? Marcus Aurelius.
Bonus 1: What happenstance of nature caused this group of Good Emperors to come to an end? Marcus Aurelius had a son.
Bonus 2: Who was his son, who was eventually assassinated, sparking yet another round of civil wars. Commodus.

8. Say in Latin "on the fourth day". Quarto die.
Bonus 1: Now say in Latin "in the seventh month". Septimo mense.
Bonus 2: Now say in Latin "within seven months". Septem mensibus.

9. What temple in Rome was dedicated to all the gods? Pantheon.
Bonus 1: What woman supposedly gave all gifts to man (or so her name would suggest). Pandora.
Bonus 2: Actually, after she opened that box, we need a remedy for all the ills she inflicted. What English word, formed from Greek, means a "remedy for all evils" or a "cure-all"? Panacea.

10. We always ask a question like this: Crassus actually did not set out for his ill-fated Parthian campaign in 54 B.C. That year, of course, never existed. What year was it, counting A.U.C.? 700 A.U.C.
Bonus 1: What does a.u.c. stand for and what does it mean? Ab urbe condita / from the founding of the city.
Bonus 2: We say "from the founding of the city", but what kind of participle is condita? Perfect passive.

11. Festina lente was a favorite motto of Augustus. What does it mean? Make haste slowly.
Bonus 1: Make festina lente plural. Festinate lente.
Bonus 2: Now make lente comparitive. Lentius.

12. Achilles' special troop of soldiers, industrious, strong, and brave, were called the Myrmidons and had been transformed into men from what creatures? Ants.
Bonus 1: Who transformed these ants into men? Zeus.
Bonus 2: Zeus transformed the ants of the island Aegina (named after the lovely maiden Aegina) because Hera had sent a plague to wipe out its population. What had made her so angry? Zeus had had an affair with Aegina.

13. Using odi, odisse, say in Latin "I hated that man". Istum virum oderam.
Bonus 1: Now make that future. Istum virum odero.
Bonus 2: Now say "I remember" using a similar type of verb as odi. Memini.

14. Who provided Odysseus a special herb to protect him from Circe's
magic? Hermes (Mercury).
Bonus 1: Who provided the young man from Greece with special herbs and charms so that he might complete his quest? Medea.
Bonus 2: Medea did not learn the dreadful incantations of her magical charms by herself, but from this dark goddess, often called the three-formed goddess. Hecate.

15. With which of the following can hae not agree? naves, voces, pontes, dies? Pontes.
Bonus 1: With which of the following can hi not agree? nautae, montes, milites, fabulae, scribae? Fabulae.
Bonus 2: With which of the following can soli not agree? deo, feminae, manus, igni. Manus.

16. Poor Cicero! He headed the proscription list of the Second Triumvirate (Antony insisted) and was killed while fleeing Italy. His head was brought back to Rome and displayed where? On the Rostra (if "Forum" prompt for more).
Bonus: Antony's wife Fulvia must have been quite a character. What did she do to Cicero's head before it was displayed? Pulled out its tongue and pierced it with her knitting needles.
Bonus: What series of bitter speeches had Cicero delivered against Antony to cause such hatred? The Philippics.

17. Cleopatra may have ruled Eygypt, but her ancestors were from what country? Macedonia (ask to be more specific if they say "Greece").
Bonus 1: But Cleopatra was no descendant of the great Alexander. Which marshall of Alexander was her ancestor? Ptolemy.
Bonus 2: Sometimes things are just handed to you on a platter. Alexander would never have been able to conquer the Persian Empire had the city states of Greece not been subdued first. What was the name of Alexander's father who accomplished the task that the Persians never could? Philip (II).

18. What was the Latin name for the Rhine River? Rhenus.
Bonus 1: What was the Latin name for the Rhone River? Rhodanus.
Bonus 2: What was the Latin name for the Po River? Padus.

19. Watch out for case and number! In the sentence "Beware of Greeks, even bearing gifts" translate into Latin "bearing gifts". Ferentes (portantes) dona.
Bonus 1: In the sentence "Caesar saw the captured camp" translate into Latin "captured camp". Castra capta.
Bonus 2: In the sentence "I saw the woman who was about to cry" the entire phrase "the woman who was about to cry" is express in Latin with one word. What is it? And, of course, watch out for case and gender. Lacrimaturam

20. What chatty imperial author left us biographies of of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, full of gossip and unsavory details? Suetonius..
Bonus 1: Give me the name of the Greek writer who left us many biographies of famous Greek and Romans. Plutarch
Bonus 2: This Greek historian wrote a "Secret History" of Justinian's reign, as well as a more conventional, and complimentary, history of that emperor's life and times. Procopius.